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基本詞義

◎ 堅(jiān)

堅(jiān) jiān

〈形〉

(1) (會(huì)意。從臤( qiān)，從土?！芭O”，金文象以手拉“臣”(屈服的奴隸)。從“土”，表示土質(zhì)堅(jiān)硬。本義：泥土堅(jiān)硬)

(2) 同本義。泛指堅(jiān)硬；結(jié)實(shí) [hard；solid；firm]

堅(jiān)，剛也?！墩f(shuō)文》

堅(jiān)，堅(jiān)土也?！稄V雅》

四為壤五，為堅(jiān)三?！毒耪滤阈g(shù)·穿地》

鎧甲不堅(jiān)?！俄n非子·五蠹》

劍堅(jiān)，故不可立拔。(劍堅(jiān)，劍插得緊。)——《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策·燕策》

非不堅(jiān)利。——《孟子·公孫丑下》

披堅(jiān)執(zhí)銳?！妒酚洝り惿媸兰摇?/p>

火燒令堅(jiān)?！巍?沈括《夢(mèng)溪筆談·活板》

硯冰堅(jiān)?！鳌?宋濂《送東陽(yáng)馬生序》

(3) 又如：堅(jiān)瓠(堅(jiān)厚而實(shí)心的葫蘆。不可剖以盛物，因喻無(wú)用的東西)；堅(jiān)冰(多以喻積過(guò)成禍，困難重重)；堅(jiān)頑(極其堅(jiān)硬)；堅(jiān)確(堅(jiān)硬)；堅(jiān)滑(堅(jiān)硬滑溜)；堅(jiān)潤(rùn)(堅(jiān)硬而潤(rùn)澤)

(4) 牢固，堅(jiān)固，強(qiáng)固有力而不易摧毀 [firm；solid；secure]

堅(jiān)，強(qiáng)也?！稄V雅》

堅(jiān)窮廉直?！秴问洗呵铩彿帧?/p>

譽(yù)其盾之堅(jiān)，物莫能陷也?！俄n非子·難勢(shì)》

堅(jiān)閉門(mén)而不出?！肚f子·天運(yùn)》

(5) 又如：堅(jiān)巧(牢固而精巧)；堅(jiān)城(堅(jiān)固不易攻破的城池)；堅(jiān)勚(結(jié)實(shí))；堅(jiān)壁(堅(jiān)固的墻壁或營(yíng)壘；堅(jiān)守壁壘)

(6) [植物的種子]飽滿 [full]

其谷不堅(jiān)?！秴问洗呵铩べF信》

(7) 又如：堅(jiān)成(結(jié)實(shí)；成熟)

(8) 堅(jiān)定；意志、主張不動(dòng)搖 [firm；staunch；steadfast]

窮且益堅(jiān)，不墜青云之志?！醪峨蹰w序》

(9) 又如：堅(jiān)凝(堅(jiān)定；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)；緊湊簡(jiǎn)練)；堅(jiān)確(心志堅(jiān)定；土質(zhì)堅(jiān)固)；堅(jiān)勁(強(qiáng)而有力；意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不變)；堅(jiān)心(堅(jiān)定的心志)

(10) 牢靠，穩(wěn)定 [stable]

堅(jiān)致為上。——《淮南子·時(shí)則》。注：“功，牢也?！?/p>

(11) 又如：堅(jiān)心(一心)；堅(jiān)附(安定，牢固附著)；堅(jiān)臥(按兵不動(dòng))

(12) 固執(zhí) [stubborn]

二曰行辟而堅(jiān)?！盾髯印ゅ蹲?/p>

小敵之堅(jiān)。(堅(jiān)，硬拼。)——《孫子·謀攻》

(13) 又如：堅(jiān)意(執(zhí)意，決心)；堅(jiān)臥(堅(jiān)不出仕，隱居)；堅(jiān)秉(堅(jiān)持)；堅(jiān)僻(固執(zhí)怪僻)

詞性變化

◎ 堅(jiān)

堅(jiān) jiān

〈名〉

(1) 堅(jiān)固的東西 [firm article]

披堅(jiān)執(zhí)銳?！妒酚洝り惿媸兰摇?/p>

(2) 要塞，堡壘 [stronghold]。如：攻堅(jiān)

◎ 堅(jiān)

堅(jiān) jiān

〈動(dòng)〉

加固，使堅(jiān)固 [solidify]。如：堅(jiān)精(固精壯陽(yáng))；堅(jiān)白(堅(jiān)守貞節(jié))；堅(jiān)營(yíng)(加固營(yíng)壘)

◎ 堅(jiān)

堅(jiān) jiān

〈副〉

堅(jiān)持；固執(zhí) [insistently]。如：堅(jiān)臥煙霞(隱居的意思)；堅(jiān)稱